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Improved building standards will only be achieved by setting the requirements in policy. Failure to implement legislation over the last 15 years or so has led to many buildings being constructed at lower energy efficiency standards. The Councils should be more pro-active and not accept excuses from developers about viability etc.

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Houses need to be built to a much higher standard to enable net zero.

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Every new build to have some form of renewable energy within the build, eg;solar, heat recovery, as well as the good insulation

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Requiring whole life-cycle carbon assessments is most definitely the right thing to aspire to on the journey to net zero by 2050. However, it is extraordinarily ambitious, complicated, and as yet there is no agreed method to calculate embodied energy. Therefore, this local plan should be written so that whole life-cycle carbon assessments can be required when there is greater clarity.

Regarding decentralised energy systems, the current thinking for true net zero carbon low rise housing is that decentralised energy is not appropriate as it is not needed. Decentralised energy is a possible solution for the deep retrofit to true net zero carbon standards for existing domestic and non-domestic buildings. A good example is the use of the ‘waste’ heat from the Coventry incinerator being used to heat existing buildings in the city. Combined heat and power is a solution that can be considered for non domestic buildings such as civic amenity buildings, Leisure and Sports Centres. However as the direction of travel is to remove fossil fuels for the generation of energy, consideration should be given to firstly significantly remove the need for energy using the Passivhaus Standard or equivalent as has been achieved by Exeter City Living with the recent construction of St Sidwell’s Point Leisure centre. All new buildings should be net zero carbon, as the Planning Inspector has confirmed that Cornwall Council’s Climate Emergency DPD (Development Plan Document, that has the same status as a local plan) is sound subject to recommended modifications and is due to be adopted. This DPD precisely defines net zero carbon homes. As there are other similarly ambitious DPDs and local plans being developed, it is likely that when this South Warwickshire local plan is approved it won’t be that radical and viability will be less of an issue as net zero costs will have fallen. For too long, the council has prevented retrofit of listed buildings and those in conservation areas even when done sympathetically with high quality materials. Traditional Buildings require a risk-based approach as defined in guidance from Historic England and the Sustainable Traditional Buildings Alliance (STBA).

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It should be with absolute certainty a priority if WDC is serious about tackling the climate emergency

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It is very good that the Councils have increased their ambitions from the previous iteration of the SWLP, and are now talking about net zero carbon buildings. It is important to specify the standards by which achievement of this aim will be assessed, and the Councils should do this. Experts in sustainable building standards typically emphasise the following: All new buildings must be truly net zero carbon in use, without offsetting, and this must include both regulated and unregulated energy. To achieve this, all new buildings should be built to the Passivhaus standard – this will get them to zero carbon ready. If they are to the Passivhaus Plus standard (which includes solar panels) they will be zero carbon in use now. The Council should also specify standards for Building Performance Evaluation (POE). For all new developments the 12 months old BS 40101 Building Performance Evaluation must be applied. All retrofit should be undertaken to the PAS 2035 standard, for domestic buildings, and to PAS 2038 for non-domestic buildings. Solar panels and heat pumps (or alternative net zero-ready heating system) should be required in all new buildings as a matter of course, unless there is good reason not to. The cost of solar panels is a small fraction of the price of a new building.

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There is little reliable whole life cycle emissions information about anything. We may find that changes to buildings do not produce reductions as the changes may quite quickly become obsolete. Buildings get used for various purposes during their lifetime and decisions made at construction for the original occupation often turn out be not suitable for the next occupiers. Example SDC offices.

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- Q-C4.1: We support Option C4.1a. It is simply not necessary to include a policy in the plan relating to national building regulations for new buildings, nor should the plan include a policy to set a higher local standard beyond the building regulations to achieve net zero carbon in all new developments. These matters are, and should be, set at national level to retain a level of consistency. - Q-C6.1: We support option C6.1c. We do not think the Local Plan is the right place for such policies which are being set at a national level already.

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Bold action is required to meet Ambitions 1 and 2 of Warwick District's own Climate Change Action Programme. This means being prepared to set briefs and specifications which are more stringent than national requirements, perhaps in the face of reluctance or opposition from developers. This also applies to smaller scale domestic projects where information and incentivisation may be necessary to encourage retro-fitting and net zero additions and extensions. As such, South Warwickshire could and should be a model for environmentally sensitive development for future generations.

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